“Problematic” statements in journalistic practice
the Belgian media cordon sanitaire and the declaratory journalism
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.30962/ecomps.3129Keywords:
Declaratory journalism, Media “cordon sanitaire”, VisibilityAbstract
The visibility of statements seen as damaging to democracy is one of the main concerns of Brazilian society today. This article presents the media “cordon sanitaire” in French-speaking Belgium, which limits the live circulation of hateful, discriminatory or violent statements as a strategy to reduce the circulation of such content. The text discusses the selection of “problematic” statements from the perspective of the country's journalists, as seen through interviews and online publications. We understand that the “cordon sanitaire” is strongly linked to a social context and reflects a specific journalistic culture.
Downloads
References
ARAÚJO, A. Elementos para uma reflexão sobre o jornalismo declaratório. Contracampo, Niterói, v. 42, n. 3. set./dez. 2023. Disponível em: https://doi.org/10.22409/contracampo.v42i3.57180.
AUSTIN, J. Quando dizer é fazer: palavras e ação. Porto Alegre: Artes Médicas, 1990.
AZAR, J. Joyce Azar. Depoimento [dez. 2023]. Bruxelas. 1 arquivo .mp3 (28min54seg). Entrevista concedida para a pesquisa sobre o Cordão Sanitário Midiático.
BARSOTTI, A. As mentiras de Bolsonaro e o jornalismo declaratório: como a imprensa contribuiu para ampliar a desinformação sobre o meio ambiente. Eco-Pós, v. 26, n. 1, p. 79-104, 2023.
BERTI, C. Christophe Berti. Depoimento [jan. 2024]. Bruxelas. 1 arquivo .mp3 (20min30seg). Entrevista concedida para a pesquisa sobre o Cordão Sanitário Midiático.
BIARD, B. La lutte contre l’extrême droite en Belgique. Courrier hebdomadaire du CRISP, v. 39, n. 2524-2525, p. 5-114, 2021.
BROUSTAU, N.; JEANNE-PERRIER, V.; LE CAM, F.; PEREIRA, F. H. A entrevista de pesquisa com jornalistas. Sur le journalisme - About journalism - Sobre jornalismo, v. 1, n. 1, p. 14-21, 2012.
CDJ. La couverture des campagnes électorales dans les médias. Les carnets de la deontologia, n. 11, jul. 2023. Disponível em: https://www.lecdj.be/fr/couverture-des-campagnes-electorales-dans-les-medias-une-mise-a-jour-du-cdj-en-vue-du-quadruple-scrutin-de-2024/.
CHAGAS, L. Jornalismo declaratório e a naturalização dos fatos na seleção das fontes. Contemporânea: Revista de Comunicação e Cultura, v. 20, n. 2, p. 50-67, maio/ago. 2022.
CHAGAS, L.; CRUZ, M. C. Rádio que virou partido: jornalismo declaratório e passividade na cobertura eleitoral do Jornal da Manhã da Jovem Pan. Radiofonias: Revista de Estudos em Mídia Sonora, v. 13, n. 2, p. 33-52, jan./abr. 2022.
COMHAIRE, G. Trente ans de cordons, et combien encore? Association des journalistes professionnels, on-line, maio 2022. Disponível em: https://www.ajp.be/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/247Dossier.pdf.
CSA. Règlement relatif aux programmes sur les services de médias audiovisuels en période électorale. Out. 2023. Disponível em: https://www.csa.be/document/reglement-relatif-aux-programmes-sur-les-services-de-medias-audiovisuels-en-periode-electorale/.
DE HAAN, Mark. Depoimento [jan. 2024]. Bruxelas. 1 arquivo .mp3 (45min01seg). Entrevista concedida para a pesquisa sobre o Cordão Sanitário Midiático.
DE JONGE, L. The Curious Case of Belgium: Why is There no Right-Wing Populism in Wallonia? Government and Opposition, n. 56, p. 598–614, 2021a.
DE JONGE, L. Comment les médias flamands traitent les partis populistes de droite. Revue Politique. 2021b. Disponível em: https://www.revuepolitique.be/comment-les-medias-flamands-traitent-les-partis-populistes-de-droite/.
DE JONGE, L. The Populist Radical Right and the Media in the Benelux: Friend or Foe? The International Journal of Press/Politics, v. 24, n. 2, p. 189–209, 2019.
DELVAUX, B. Gare à regarder la Flandre en se pinçant le nez! Le Soir, on-line, jun. 2019. Disponível em: https://lesoir.be/231846/article/2019-06-20/gare-regarder-la-flandre-en-se-pincant-le-nez.
DE MEEÛS. D. Dorian de Meeûs. Depoimento [jan. 2024]. Bruxelas. 1 arquivo .mp3 (23min03seg). Entrevista concedida para a pesquisa sobre o Cordão Sanitário Midiático.
DUARTE, J. Entrevista em profundidade. In: DUARTE, J.; BARROS, A. Métodos e Técnicas de Pesquisa em Comunicação. Editora Atlas: São Paulo, 2005.
EKSTRÖM, M. Interviewing, Quoting and the Development of Modern News Journalism A Study of the Swedish Press 1915-1995. In: EKSTRÖM, M.; KROON, A.; NYLUND, M. (Org.). News from the interview society. Göteborg: Nordicom, 2006. p. 21-48.
FALCINELLI, S. Extrême droite: pourquoi leur donner la parole, ce n'est pas forcément rompre le cordon sanitaire. RTBF ACTUS, on-line, maio 2020. Disponível em: https://www.rtbf.be/article/extreme-droite-pourquoi-leur-donner-la-parole-ce-n-est-pas-forcement-rompre-le-cordon-sanitaire-10506200.
FALCINELLI, S. PTB et Vlaams Belang sur nos antennes : un cordon sanitaire élastique? RTBF ACTUS, on-line, maio 2019. Disponível em: https:/www.rtbf.be/article/ptb-et-vlaams-belang-sur-nos-antennes-un-cordon-sanitaire-elastique-10231957.
FOLEY, G.; TIMONEN, V.; CONLON, C.; O’DARE, C. Interviewing as a Vehicle for Theoretical Sampling in Grounded Theory. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, v. 20, p. 1–10, 2021. DOI: 10.1177/1609406920980957.
GEHRKE, M. et al. All the President’s Lies: How Brazilian News Media Addressed False and Inaccurate Claims in Their Titles. Journalism Practice, v. 19, n. 1, p. 151-168, 2023. DOI: 10.1080/17512786.2023.2174579.
GLEISER, B.; STRAUSS, A. The Discovery of Grounded Theory: Strategies for Qualitative Research. Chicago: Aldine Publishing Company, 1967.
GOMES, W. Da discussão à visibilidade. In: GOMES, W.; MAIA, R. (Org.). Comunicação e Democracia: Problemas & perspectivas. São Paulo: Paulus, 2008.
HALLIN, D. C. The “Uncensored War”: The Media and Vietnam. New York: Oxford University Press, 1986.
JACK, C. Lexicon of lies: Terms for problematic information. Data & Society Research Institute, 9 ago. 2017.
JACQMIN, J. P. Jean Pierre Jacqmin. Depoimento [jan. 2024]. Bruxelas. 1 arquivo .mp3 (22min38seg). Entrevista concedida para a pesquisa sobre o Cordão Sanitário Midiático.
KOVACH, B.; ROSENTIEL, T. Blur: How to Know What’s True in the Age of Information Overload. New York: Bloomsberg, 2010.
KOVACH, B.; ROSENTIEL, T. The Elements of Journalism Revised and Updated: What newspeople should know and the public should expect. 4. ed. Nova York: Crown, 2021.
JUKER, A.; BERGER, M. The development of discourse presentation in The Times, 1833–1988. Media History, v. 20, n. 1, p. 67–87, 2024.
LANDERT, D. Reportable facts and a personal touch: The functions of direct quotes in online news. In: ARENDHOLZ, J.; BUBLITZ, W.; KIRNER-LUDWIG, M. (ed.), The Pragmatics of Quoting Now and Then, Berlin/Boston: De Gruyter, 2015. p. 29–52.
LEFKOWITZ, J. “Tabloidization” or Dual-Convergence: Quoted speech in tabloid and “quality” British newspapers 1970–2010, Journalism Studies, v. 19, n. 3, p. 353-375, 2016.
MUDDE, C. Populist radical right parties in Europe. Cambridge University Press: Cambridge, 2007.
MUNIVE, M. Periodismo de declaraciones: Cuandola prensa renuncia a ser el lugar de loshechos. Conexion, v. 5, n. 6, p. 43-57, 2016.
NYLUND, M. Quoting in front-page journalism: illustrating, evaluating and confirming the news. Media, Culture & Society, v. 25, p. 844–851, 2003.
OBIEDAT, N. The pragma-ideological implications of using reported speech: the case of reporting on the Al-Aqsa intifada. Pragmatics, v. 16, n. 2/3, p. 275-304, 2006.
PADIOLEAU, J. G. Le Monde et Le Washington Post. 1. ed. Presses Universitaires de France: Paris, 1985.
PEREIRA, F. H., SOUSA, J.; MOURA, D. O. Valores e cultura profissional dos estudantes de jornalismo em Brasília. Estudos em Comunicação, n. 17, p. 47 -74, 2014.
RECUERO, R. E SOARES, F. O Discurso Desinformativo sobre a Cura do COVID-19 no Twitter: Estudo de caso, E-Compós, v. 24, 2021. DOI: 10.30962/ec.2127.
REGINATO, G. As finalidades do jornalismo: o que dizem veículos, jornalistas e leitores. Porto Alegre. 2016. 260 f. Tese (Doutorado em Comunicação e Informação) – Faculdade de Biblioteconomia e Comunicação, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, 2016.
RINGOOT, R. Gênero, ethos e autoridade jornalísticos. In: SEIXAS, L. F.; PINHEIRO, N. F. Gêneros: um diálogo entre Comunicação e Linguística. Florianópolis: Insular, 2013. p. 39-56.
ROCA, R.; GORDILLO, M. Tuits políticos como nuevo ejemplo de periodismo cínico basado en declaraciones. Un estudio comparativo del avance de la extrema derecha en Andalucía. Textual & Visual Media, n. 14, p. 80-101, 2021.
RODRIGUES T.; FERREIRA D. Estratégias digitais dos populismos de esquerda e de direita: Brasil e Espanha em perspectiva comparada. Trab. Ling. Aplic., Campinas, v. 59, n. 2, p. 1070-1086, maio/ago. 2020.
ROODUIJN, M. “The Rise of the Populist Radical Right in Western Europe.” European Review, n. 14, v. 1, p. 3–11, 2015.
SCHUDSON, M. News and Democratic Society: Past, Present, and Future. The Hedgehog Review, v. 10, n. 2, p. 7, 2008.
SEIXAS, L. Redefinindo os gêneros jornalísticos: Proposta de novos critérios de classificação. Salvador: LabCom, 2009.
THIRY, G. Geneviéve Thiry. Depoimento [jan. 2024]. Bruxelas. 1 arquivo .mp3 (51min35seg). Entrevista concedida para a pesquisa sobre o Cordão Sanitário Midiático.
TUCHMAN, G. Objectividade como Ritual Estratégico: Uma Análise das Noções de Objectividade dos Jornalistas. In: TRAQUINA, N. (Org.). Jornalismo: Questões, Teorias e “Estórias”. Pontinha: Vega, 1999. p. 59-78.
VANDER TAELEN, L. L’aversion des francophones pour la Flandre: le retour du péché originel. DAAR DAAR, on-line, maio 2022. Disponível em: https://daardaar.be/rubriques/politique/laversion-des-francophones-pour-la-flandre-le-retour-du-peche-originel/.
VÁZQUEZ BERMÚDEZ, M. A. Los médios toman partido. Ámbitos, n. 15, p. 257-267, 2006.
WARDLE, C.; DERAKHSHAN, H. Information disorder: Toward an interdisciplinary framework for research and policymaking. Council of Europe report, v. 27, 2017.
ZAGO, G. O Twitter como fonte para o jornalismo. R. Interamericana de Comunicação Midiática, v. 10, n. 20, 2011.
ZELIZER, B. "Saying" as Collective Practice: Quoting and Differential Address in the News. Text & Talk, v. 4, n. 9, p. 369-388, 1989. https://repository.upenn.edu/asc_papers/662.
ZINZEN, W. “Pourquoi j’ai toujours refusé d’interviewer en direct un membre du Vlaams Blok”. DAAR DAAR, on-line, jan. 2023. Disponível em: https://daardaar.be/rubriques/politique/pourquoi-jai-toujours-refuse-dinterviewer-en-direct-un-membre-du-vlaams-blok/.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Arthur Araújo, David Domingo, Lia da Fonseca Seixas

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
The submission of originals to this journal implies the transfer, by the authors, of the printed and digital publication rights. The copyrights for the published articles belong to the author, with the rights of the journal over the first publication. The authors can only use the same results in other publications, clearly indicating this journal as the source of the original publication. Because we are an open-access journal, the free-of-charge,educational, scientific, and non-commercial use of the papers is allowed, as long as the source is cited.
Authorship
Any person who has effectively participated in the conception of the study, the development of the experimental part, the analysis and interpretation of data and the final wording, is considered as an author. By submitting an article for publication in E-Compós Journal, the author agrees with the following terms: 1. The author keeps the rights on the article, but its publication in the journal automatically implies the full and exclusive disposal of the copyright rights for the first edition, without payment. 2. The ideas and opinions expressed in the article are the sole responsibility of the author, not necessarily reflecting the views of the journal. 3. After the first publication, the author is authorized to take additional contracts, independent of the journal, for the dissemination of the paper by other means (e.g. when publishing in the institutional repository or as a book chapter), provided that the complete citation of the original publication. 4. The author of a published article is allowed and is stimulated to distribute his work online, always with the proper citation of the first edition.
Conflicts of interest and research ethics
If the developed research or the publication of the article may raise doubts as to potential conflicts of interest, the author should declare, in a final note, that no links to funding bodies have been omitted, as well as to commercial or political institutions. Similarly, the institution to which the author is bound should be mentioned, as well as others that may have collaborated in the execution of the study, evidencing that there are no conflicts of interest with the result already presented. It is also necessary to inform that the interviews and experiences involving human beings have obeyed the established ethical procedures for scientific research. The names and addresses informed in this journal will be used exclusively for the services provided by this publication, not made available for other purposes or to third parties. The copyrights belong exclusively to the authors. The licensing rights used by the journal consist in the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 (CC BY 4.0) license: sharing (copying and distribution of the material in any media or format) and adaptation (remix, transformation and creation of material from licensed content for any purposes, including commercial) are permitted.
